作者：观察员 彭祥萍

在成都第四届创意设计周上，我们见到了立陶宛冒险建筑师Marijus Krasnickas。撇开身高不谈，他的样貌让我想起了电影《霍比特人》里的矮人种族：浅褐色浓密的胡须和同色系蓬松卷曲的头发，总是挂着笑容的脸上戴着一副黑色圆框眼镜。

At the 4th Creative Design Week in Chengdu, we met Marijus Krasnickas, Lithuanian adventure architect.

Leaving aside height , his face reminds me of the Dwarf Race in the movie "The Hobbit" :light beige and thick beard and the same color fluffy curly hair, always wearing a smiley face, wearing a black round glasses.

事实上，他刚刚在现实世界中模仿了霍比特人的山顶小屋，并修建了成都麓客岛冒险乐园。这是落地中国的第五个项目，距离他打造第一座冒险乐园已八年有余。

In fact, he just modeled the Hobbit’s Peak Lodge in the real world and built an Adventure Park in a luxury real estate project LuxeLakes. This is UNO Park’s fifth project in China, and it’s been eight years since his first adventure park.

2009年，Marijus Krasnickas成立了立陶宛第一家冒险乐园公司“UNO Parks”。由于冒险乐园产生的公共利益回报，3个月后，Marijus Krasnickas得到了投资。现在，Marijus Krasnickas已将UNO乐园从立陶宛开到了全球。作为“UNO Parks”创始人，除了奔赴各地推广冒险乐园寻求合作外，Marijus Krasnickas还是许多独特设计的“幕后大脑”。八年来，最让他自豪的是“从来没有收到客户的安全投诉事故”。对于他而言，这是关于冒险的一个整体，“如果做得好，我们永远不会令人失望。”

In 2009, Marijus Krasnickas founded “UNO Parks”, the first adventure park company in Lithuania, and due to major public’s interest return of investment happened in mere 3 months. Now, Marijus Krasnickas has brought UNO Parks to the world from Lithuania. As the founder of UNO Parks, in addition to going around to promote adventure parks, Marijus Krasnickas is a leading creative mind behind many of the unique designs done by UNO Parks.Marijus takes pride that in 8 years in the market, he has never received a complaint from a customer. This is something to be said about adventures as a whole – if done right, they are never disappointing.

送走来访者后，Marijus Krasnickas与我们聊起了冒险乐园市场和他打造的不会“生锈”的冒险乐园。

After sending away visitors, Marijus Krasnickas chatted with us about the adventure parks market，the impact it does to business and why things he built would not "rust".

“UNO Parks”创始人Marijus Krasnickas 图片来源：观察家

The founder of"UNO Parks"

：观察家

：Marijus Krasnickas

在中国 一切都很快

Everything is fast in China

：做冒险乐园前，您的职业是什么？您创办“UNO Parks”的初衷是什么？

：做冒险乐园是一个很偶然的机会。我之前是一名律师，但我觉得很乏味。在处理一个案子时我发现冒险乐园有很大市场：在欧洲，共有3000余家冒险乐园，2013年游乐行业对欧洲经济大概贡献了100亿欧元。在美国就有30000家游乐实体，包括主题游乐园、动物园、博物馆等。其他一些国家政府都在推动旅游业的发展，尤其是亚洲和中东，游乐园被列入国家发展计划的重要因素。事实上我自己也是冒险乐园的疯狂爱好者。这样的背景下，2009年我选择辞职，创办了立陶宛第一家冒险乐园公司“UNO Parks”。

：What is your occupation before making the adventure park? What was your original intention of "UNO Parks"?

：To be an adventure park is A chance. I was a lawyer before, but I was very bored. In dealing with a case, I found that there was a big market for adventure parks: In Europe, there were more than 3,000 adventure parks, and in 2013 the amusement industry contributed about 10 billion euros to the European economy. The United States has 30, 000 amusement rides, including theme parks, zoos and museums. Some other governments are pushing tourism development, particularly in Asia and the Middle East, where amusement parks are listed as important elements of national development plans. In fact, I’m a crazy fan of adventure parks myself. So in 2009 I chose to resign and started “UNO Parks”, which is the Lithuania's first vadventure park company.

：冒险乐园在国外有上千亿的市场，那它目前在中国市场怎样？

：冒险乐园行业在中国来讲，还处于起始阶段，但是在中国，一切都很快。2013年中国取消了对新游乐园发展的禁令，中国进入了游乐园高速发展时期，其市场营收在过去5年以11%的速度增长，在2015年已达到33亿。

从另一个角度来看，立陶宛目前共有20个冒险乐园，也就是说每14万居民拥有一个冒险乐园，每10名立陶宛人就有两名参观游览过冒险乐园。以这样的方式置换，在中国要建设一万个冒险乐园才能满足需求。而现在中国类似的冒险乐园不到五十个，且百分之九十都由本地公司制作，他们没有那么精细，也没有统一标准。因此让这项事业标准化是中国市场面临的最大挑战。随着中国消费不断升级，冒险乐园借助中国文旅地产业的发展大势，在中国会有更广阔的市场。这也是我近几年如此看重中国市场的原因。

：Adventure park has hundreds of billions of markets abroad. How is it currently in China?

：Adventure park industry in China is still in its infancy , but everything is fast in China. China lifted its ban on the development of new amusement parks in 2013, and China entered a period of rapid development of the amusement park. Its market revenue has grown by 11% in the past five years, reaching 3.3 billion in 2015.

From another perspective, there are currently 20 adventure parks in Lithuania, that is to say, every 140000 residents have an adventure park, and there are two for every 10 lithuanians visited the adventure park. In this way, China needs to build 10,000 adventure parks to meet demand. Today, less than 50 of China's similar adventure parks are made by local companies, and they are less sophisticated and have no uniform standards. So standardizing the cause is the biggest challenge for the Chinese market. As China's consumption continues to escalate, it will have a broader market in China with the help of the development of the Chinese industry. That's why I've been so focused on the Chinese market in recent years.

：那么在中国，您是如何去制定这个标准？这个标准同样适用于国外吗？

：在立陶宛，我们是冒险乐园的先驱者，制定了一系列标准，这一套“UNO”标准同样适用于中国。比如，我们所有的员工准则、建筑材料和施工方法都向业内最高标准的欧盟标准看齐；为所有项目提供24个月的质量保障；从不延误约定的交期时间等。这套标准落地到不同国家会有不同的呈现方式。在中国，大的发展方向是“绿色”，我们做的就是打造良好的生态环境和主题公园。

：How do you set this standard in China? Does this apply to foreign countries as well?

：In Lithuania, we are the pioneers of adventure, setting a set of standards, and this set of "UNO Parks" standards applies to China as well. For example, all of our staff guidelines, building materials and construction methods are the highest standards of the EU’s; Providing 24 months quality guarantee for all projects; Never delaying scheduled delivery time, etc. The standard will be different in different countries. In China, the big development direction is "Green", what we do is to create a good ecological environment and theme parks.

：就您个人的经历和经验而言，在中国打造冒险乐园遇到的最大的挑战是什么？打造一个项目需要多长时间？

：建造冒险乐园最基本的要素是大规模土地，最好是依托森林公园。在欧洲盛行的原因是欧洲人口少、森林覆盖面积大。中国森林资源相比国外有限，另外，中国树况也不太好，比如没有25公分以上的树木打桩，这就需要人工做树桩，再选择能用的树木、钢索拉伸进行固定。但这会额外增加成本，外观也不太美观。除了既有自然资源，设施设备也是一个难题。以滑索为例，目前中国的滑索数量不多，但价格却是立陶宛的四倍。这些都会增加项目打造成本和时间。而这样一个项目从无到有，如果客户配合积极，大概需要3—6个月，取决于国内有没有剩余材料。

：In terms of your personal experience , what is the biggest challenge you have faced in building adventure parks in China? How long does it take to build a project?

：The most basic element of building adventure park is large-scale land, preferably in a forest park. The reason for the prevalence in Europe is that Europe has a small population and a large forest area. Compared to other countries, China's forest resources are limited. Chinese tree conditions also is not very good. For example, there is no tree piling more than 25 cm, which requires artificial tree stumps, and then select the trees that can be used. But this will add to the cost, and the look is not very beautiful. In addition to existing natural resources, facilities are also a difficult problem. As an example, in China, the number of slip cables is not much, but the price is four times that of Lithuania. These will increase project cost and time. And such a project from scratch, if the customer cooperate actively, it will take about 3 to 6 months, depending on whether the domestic has leftover material.

不会“生锈”的冒险乐园

Rust-proof adventure park

：我看到“UNO Parks”打造的项目都不同，您们如何去打造一个冒险乐园？项目设计灵感源于何处？

：我们的设计团队有10人，他们经常去操场观察和学习孩子的游乐行为。我们还与科学家交谈，讨论人们喜欢什么，哪些细节可以改进，并做相关项目研发。我们的灵感来自于长期的学习和经验。

我们利用现有场地所有条件去打造冒险乐园，从场地的树木、柱子、建筑物和其他物体，不同的攀登、扩张、飞行的电缆等都可以成为我们的工具。我们的公园有超过150种不同的障碍，如绳子、巨大的秋千和无harness网等。我们还设置了不同难度的项目以适应社区的需要。冒险不仅仅是为了孩子，也是为了所有年龄段的人。

：I saw that "UNO Parks" made different projects. How do you create an adventure park? Where does project design inspiration come from?

：Our design team of ten goes to the playground to observe and learn, we talk with scientists, we do our R&D. What do people like, what are those little things you can improve. It is all about experience and its inspiration is all about understanding where quality of the experience originates.

We make use of all the things on the field to make adventure parks, from the use of venues on the trees, poles, buildings and other objects, different climbing, expansion, flying cable and other adventure features. Our park has more than 150 different obstacles, such as rope, huge swings and no harness net and so on. We also set up different difficulty of project, geared to the needs of the community. Adventures are not just for children, but also for people of all ages.

：国内外做冒险乐园的公司很多，与他们相比，“UNO Parks”具备什么优势？

：一方面，我们有丰富的运营经验。自2009年起，我们在立陶宛运营了4家室外冒险乐园，那时大概服务了立陶宛人口的百分之八，之后相继在中国、美国、芬兰、中东、比利时等地落地了其他项目。经验是一个因素，我们知道怎么做让人们感觉更好。

更重要的是设计能力。我们从不使用现成的解决方案或模型，所有项目都是根据地域特点和原有建筑进行设计，每个项目都独一无二。此外，所有产品和服务在交付客户前都会进行全面测试和实验，施工完成后会提供完整培训。

目前，我们正在经营北欧最大的冒险乐园网络。

：There are many companies that do adventure parks at home and abroad. Compared with them, what advantages does "UNO Parks" have?

：On the one hand, we have rich experience in operation. Since 2009, we have run 4 outdoor adventures in Lithuania , which served about eight percent of the population in Lithuania.We built major projects one after another in China, United States, Finland, Middle East, Belgium and etc. Experience is a factor, we know what makes people feel good.

The other, perhaps more important feature, is our design capability. We never use of-the-shelf solutions or models, all projects are custom designed based on geographical features and original buildings, each is unique. In addition, all products and services will be fully tested and tested before delivery, full training will be provided after completion of the construction.

At present, we are operating the biggest network of Adventure Parks in Northern Europe.

：既然“UNO Parks”拥有出色的设计能力，那您打造的项目在设计上有哪些特点？您能举例说明吗？

：项目主题设计取决于客户需求和共同选择的方案。以成都项目“麓客岛冒险湾疯狂丛林”为例，客户希望做鹿主题，所以我们设置攀爬路障时采用了鹿和森林元素。根据麓湖的生态环境，我们在木桩上设置了5条不同难度的攀爬线路，还有1条专业线路，另外设计了一条长达106米的跨湖滑索和17米高的秋千跳。

设计之外，安全性是我最看重的地方。我们采用的都是业内最好的设备，包括捷克的钢丝绳，德国的螺丝，意大利的零件等。我一直在思考高科技和“低科技”之间的联结，将高科技运用在冒险乐园中，同时也一直关注儿童娱乐和教育，看看什么东西可以给他们带来积极影响。

：Since "UNO Parks" have excellent design capabilities, what are the characteristics of the design of your project ? Can you give an example?

：The project theme design depends on the customer's requirements and jointly chosen solution. In the case of the chengdu project , the customer wanted to do the deer theme, so we used deer and forest elements to set up the climbing roadblocks. According to the lake's ecological environment, we have a stake in the set up five different difficulty of climbing routes, and 1 professional lines, in addition to design a 106 - meter - long zip-line across the lake and 17 meters high giant-swing.

Outside the design, quality safety is my top priority. We use the best equipment in the industry, including Czech rope, German screws, Italian parts, etc. Personally, I've been thinking a lot about high-tech and connection between "low-tech", applying high-tech in adventure park. At the same time, i also have been focused on children’s entertainment &education, to see what things can bring positive influence to them.

：那么对于客户而言，冒险乐园如何作为一个独立的解决方案进行运营？

：经营冒险乐园就是一项“让你不用冒险，坐收高利润”的生意。冒险乐园运营灵活度很高，可以单体存在也可以依托大的实体存在。室外冒险乐园作为旅游和休闲实体的一部分，可以为其提供设备设施以提高收益；室内冒险乐园作为酒店、购物中心的业务补充，通过为家庭定制独立的娱乐中心，可以提供具有附加价值的场地。做成独立的主题乐园在国外很常见，如加州迪士尼冒险乐园，但这种乐园在中国很少出现。中国的冒险乐园更多的是依托公园、酒店、度假村，适合作为文旅产业的一个副产品进行开发，发展多种伙伴关系。然而，市场越走越远，就会有更多的自助冒险乐园。

它的商业模式同样很灵活。以立陶宛的冒险乐园为例，它可为派对、公司活动、毕业晚会等提供场景，通过设置年票、团票、配备专门教练，以小时收租，借助自然环境去吸引不同团体。

：How does adventure park operate as an independent solution for customers?

：Running an adventure park is a business that "lets you take risks without risking profits". Adventure park has a high degree of flexibility and can exist on a single basis. Outdoor adventure park, as part of the tourism and leisure entity, can provide equipment and facilities to improve its revenue. As a complement to the hotel and shopping center, the indoor adventure park can provide a site with additional value by customizing the independent entertainment center for the family. It is common to make an independent theme park, such as California Disneyland, which is rarely seen in China. China's adventure park is more based on parks, hotels and resorts, suitable for development as a by-product of the tourism industry and developing multiple partnerships. However the further the market goes, the more self-standing Adventure Parks there will be.

Its business model is also flexible. In Lithuania's adventure park, for example, it can provide parties, corporate events, such as graduation party scene, by setting the one-year, group tickets, equipped with specialized coach, gazebo rents for hours, with the help of the natural environment to appeal to different groups.

：作为“UNO PARKS”创始人和一名冒险建筑师，您未来的打算是什么？

：自2009年成立并在立陶宛修建了第一座冒险乐园，八年以来，我们已在北美、欧洲、亚洲、中东等地投资修建了40多个探险公园和场地，同时经营着北欧最大的冒险乐园网络。在这期间，我发现好的设计和对于用户体验的关注可以更好的帮助公司事业发展，所以一直在践行这个准则。我现在也在积极参加各种活动，比如参加诺本中国主题乐园发展高峰论坛，去迪拜、印度、美国等全球各地参加创意展会，加入IAAPA（国际游乐园协会），NTVA（国家旅游行业协会）等。

对于我而言，中国有很大的消费人群，政策环境、合作者很友好，让我不得不心动。我们的目标是用冒险元素丰富户外体验，寓教于乐，让运动和无穷的乐趣带来长久的商业价值。这个愿景也慢慢在中国传播开来。未来我们会加速在中国市场的发展。我们也正在寻找一个强大的中国合作伙伴，帮助我们提供金融投资和项目管道支持。

我们的户外公园，就像我们对它们的爱，永远不会“生锈”。

：As the founder of "UNO Parks" and an adventure architect, what are your plans for the future?

：Since i founded “UNO Parks” in 2009 and built the first adventure park in Lithuania eight years ago, we have built more than 40 adventure parks of different size in North America, Europe, Asia, Middle East and other places .We also run the greatest network of adventure parks in the Northern Europe. During this period, I found that good design and focusing on user experience can help the company's development better, so I have been practicing this principle. Now I also take an active part in various activities, such as peak BBS for the China theme park development, going to Dubai, India, the United States and other world for show exhibition, and joining the IAAPA (The International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions), NTVA (National Tourism Business Association), etc.

For me, China has a large consumer population, and the policy environment and cooperators are so friendly that I have to be tempted. Our goal is to use the adventurous elements to enrich the outdoor experience. Letting fun, education and exercise bring us long-term business value . This vision is also slowly spreading in China. In the future, we will accelerate the development of the Chinese market. We will keep on creating adventure parks in China, and we will start operating them; with this idea in mind we are looking for a strong Chinese partner, who could help us with resources (financial investment and project pipeline) and local knowledge

Our adventure parks, like our love for them, will never “rust”.