美国的文学奖项数目繁多,超过220余种奖项,但公认的大奖只有3个:普利策奖、美国国家图书批评界奖和美国国家图书奖。美国时间1月19日,2014年的美国国家图书批评界奖入围名单被公布,赫克托·托瓦尔(Hector Tobar)、李昌来(Chang-rae Lee)、玛丽莲·罗宾逊(Marilynne Robinson)等知名作家均榜上有名。
美国国家图书批评界奖的奖项分为自传、传记、评论、虚构、非虚构和诗歌六大类。最终的获奖名单公布和授奖仪式将会在3月12日的纽约举办。
本届美国国家图书批评界奖出现了设立39年以来少见的场面,有一部作品同时在两个类别的奖项评选中入围,这就是作家克劳迪娅·兰金(Claudia Rankine)的散文诗集《城市公民:美国式抒情》(Citizen: An American Lyric),这本书由明尼苏达州的一家出版社出版,在这次国家图书批评界奖的评选中同时得到了诗歌和评论类奖项的提名。国家图书批评界奖诗歌组委员会的主席里戈韦托·冈萨雷斯(Rigoberto Gonzalez)称“兰金的作品能够同时在两个领域的奖项中得到提名,足以显示她的作品的复杂与艺术性,以及在叙事上的影响力。”
国家图书批评界奖评委会也宣布了三个特别奖获奖者,“伊凡•桑德罗夫终身成就奖”(Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award)被授予了托妮·莫里森(Toni Morrison),她出生在1931年,曾获得1993年的诺贝尔文学奖,同时也是一名普利策奖得主。2014年的“国家图书批评界杰出评论奖”(Nona Balakian Citation for Excellence in Reviewing)随1000美元的奖金一道被授予了纽约客的助理编辑亚历山德拉·施瓦茨(Alexandra Schwartz)。今年也是增设了约翰·伦纳德奖(John Leonard Prize)的第二年,该奖旨在奖励年度全类别图书中的第一名,今年的获奖作品为菲尔·克莱(Phil Klay)的短篇小说集《重新部署》(Redeployment),这部小说也是去年国家图书批评界奖的虚构类小说获奖作品。伦纳德奖是美国唯一一个经国家图书评论界的全体成员投票选择的文学奖项。
美国国家图书批评界奖囊括了大约600名成员,由一个24名成员组成的委员会最终决定哪些人能够入围、哪些能够最终获胜。这24名拥有投票权的评委中,就包括洛杉矶时报特约撰稿人卡罗琳·凯洛格(Carolyn Kellogg)。本届国家图书批评界奖完整提名名单如下。
自传类
Blake Bailey, "The Splendid Things We Planned: A Family Portrait" (W.W. Norton & Co.)
Roz Chast, "Can’t We Talk About Something More Pleasant?" (Bloomsbury)
Lacy M. Johnson, "The Other Side" (Tin House)
Gary Shteyngart, "Little Failure" (Random House)
Meline Toumani, "There Was and There Was Not" (Metropolitan Books)
传记类
Ezra Greenspan, "William Wells Brown: An African American Life" (W.W. Norton & Co.)
S.C. Gwynne, "Rebel Yell: The Violence, Passion and Redemption of Stonewall Jackson" (Scribner)
John Lahr, "Tennessee Williams: Mad Pilgrimage of the Flesh" (W.W. Norton & Co.)
Ian S. MacNiven, "'Literchoor Is My Beat': A Life of James Laughlin, Publisher of New Directions" (Farrar, Straus & Giroux)
Miriam Pawel, "The Crusades of Cesar Chavez: A Biography" (Bloomsbury)
批评类
Eula Biss, "On Immunity: An Inoculation" (Graywolf Press)
Vikram Chandra, "Geek Sublime: The Beauty of Code, the Code of Beauty" (Graywolf Press)
Claudia Rankine, "Citizen: An American Lyric" (Graywolf Press)
Lynne Tillman, "What Would Lynne Tillman Do?" (Red Lemonade)
Ellen Willis, "The Essential Ellen Willis," edited by Nona Willis Aronowitz (University of Minnesota Press)
虚构类
Rabih Alameddine, "An Unnecessary Woman" (Grove Press)
Marlon James, "A Brief History of Seven Killings" (Riverhead Books)
Lily King, "Euphoria" (Atlantic Monthly Press)
Chang-rae Lee, "On Such a Full Sea" (Riverhead Books)
Marilynne Robinson, "Lila" (Farrar, Straus and Giroux)
非虚构类
David Brion Davis, "The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Emancipation" (Alfred A. Knopf)
Peter Finn and Petra Couvee, "The Zhivago Affair: The Kremlin, the CIA, and the Battle over a Forbidden Book" (Pantheon)
Elizabeth Kolbert, "The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History" (Henry Holt & Co.)
Thomas Piketty, "Capital in the Twenty-First Century," translated from the French by Arthur Goldhammer (Belknap Press/Harvard University Press)
Hector Tobar, "Deep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle that Set Them Free" (Farrar, Straus & Giroux)
诗歌类
Saeed Jones, "Prelude to Bruise" (Coffee House Press)
Willie Perdomo, "The Essential Hits of Shorty Bon Bon" (Penguin Books)
Claudia Rankine, "Citizen: An American Lyric" (Graywolf Press)
Christian Wiman, "Once in the West" (Farrar, Straus & Giroux)
Jake Adam York, "Abide" (Southern Illinois University Press)
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